AIM:To construct adenovirus vector expressing mice B7-H1 gene, transfect dendritic cells(DCs), and to study the therapeutic effect of modified DC on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)in mice.METHODS: We designed and constructed B7-H1 gene adenovirus expression vector, and transfected DCs from mouse bone marrow, tested the phenotype and function of modified DCs, identificated its negative regulation to immune responses. The modified DCs were infected the sicked mice. And then the immunotherapeutic effect of modified DCs to TAO were tested. RESULTS: B7-H1 gene adenovirus vector was constructed and transfected DCs from bone marrow. The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 1.8×109PFU/mL. B7-H1 gene modified DCs characteristics of regulatory DCs, could inhibit positive immune responses. The inhibition proceeding of TAO into mice infected modified DCs, was obviously prior to the control mice. The gene modified DCs, maybe become the new immunotherapy biological agent to thy TAO.CONCLUSION: We constructed the expression of mouse B7-H1 gene adenovirus expressed vector successfully, transfected DCs,by vector have properties of regulatory DCs, inhibiting positive immune response and the occurrence and development of thyroid eye disease. Gene modified DCs, reveal potent to the treatment of thyroid eye disease.

AIM: To identify the changes in microRNA(miRNA)profile of human lens epithelium(HLE)induced by H2O2 and the role of miRNA in oxidative stress induced apoptosis.METHODS: HLE cell line HLE-B3 was treated by 100μmol/L H2O2 for 24h and the total RNA were isolated by Trizol reagent. miRNA profile was generated by miRCURYTM LNA microRNA Array. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics software.RESULTS:Twenty-eight miRNAs showed significantly differential expression after H2O2 treatment, 18 miRNAs upregulated and 10 miRNAs downregulated. The differentially expressed miRNAs may involve in apoptosis of lens epithetium and development of cataract through targeting BCL2L2 and MIP.CONCLUSION: H2O2 can induce dramatically changes in miRNA profile of HLE, which may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and development of cataract.

AIM: To explore the involvement of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract induced by Streptozotocin(STZ)and the interventions of puerarin in order to supply references for clinical treatment.METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into four groups randomly, control group, diabetic group, apocynin group and puerarin group. The diabetic group were replicated by single injection of STZ(65mg/kg, ip). The expression of p22, p47, p67, Bax/Bcl2, Caspase 3 and P53 proteins were detected by Western Blotting. RESULTS: The diabetic rats were replicated successfully and the expression of Bcl2 was downregulated while the expression of p22, p47, p67, Bax, Caspase 3 and P53 were upregulated in diabetic group with a significant statistical differences when compared with control group(P<0.05). Apocynin and prerarin can reverse the abnormal expression of the aforementioned proteins dramatically(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: NADPH oxidase mediated oxidative stress and P53, Bax/Bcl2 mediated apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract and puerarin can alleviate cataract greatly by inhibiting the aforementioned signal pathway.

AIM: To observe the morphologic changes of of filtration blebs after trichostatin A treatment in an experimental glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS).METHODS: Subconjunctival injection TSA, mitomycin C(MMC)and PBS during the filtering surgery in rabbits. The morphologic changes of filtration blebs were evaluated by Krofeld score method postoperatively days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. RESULTS: TSA induced filteation bleds were elevated diffusely within 14d and cystic blebs formed 28d, filtration bleb score was significantly higher in TSA group than that in PBS group.CONCLUSION: TSA can keep the aqueous humor outflow by inhibiting scar formation and prolong the existence of the filtration bleb.

AIM:To establish an experimental model of high intraocular pressure in mice by laser photocoagulation and to prepare for future research. METHODS: Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was induced unilaterally in 44 C57BL/6 mice. The fellow eye served as a control. TONO-PEN AVIA Tonomter was used to measure intraocular pressure(IOP)to guarantee IOP value at 1, 2, 4, 8wk. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed throughout the period and the structural changes were assessed histologically. And then, their eyes were enucleated, postfixed, cryoprotected, and embedded in optimal cutting temperature medium. After hematoxylin and eosin stain(HE stain), cryosections of the retina were observed under light microscope. TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)was performed on the retinal sections to determine apoptosis rate. RESULTS: IOP of laser-treated eyes was significantly higher than that of control eyes from 1-8wk(P<0.05). The highest IOP was 31mmHg, but only one eye. The IOP was mainly around 20mmHg. In laser-treated eyes, the angle of anterior chamber were narrow. Number of cells in the inner nuclear layer and retial gangllion cell layer was slightly lower than that in control eyes at 2wk, but by 4 and 8wk the number of cells was significantly lower than that in the control contralateral eyes.CONCLUSION: The laser photocoagulation of limbus causes chronic elevation of IOP and this method may be a promising experimental model for the investigation of biological mechanisms of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell damage.

AIM:To examine the efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in the management of Fusarium corneal ulcer. METHODS: Retrospective contract analysis of the clinical data of 41 patients(41 eyes)who infected with Fusarium corneal ulcer. All of them underwent focal lesion keratectomy combined with amniotic membrane transplantation between January 2010 and May 2013. The cryotherapy treatment group of 22 cases(22 eyes), non-cryotherapy group of 19 cases(19 eyes). All the cases were followed up for 3～12mo. We analyzed the healing of corneal ulcer, corneal neovascularization, postoperative visual acuity, complications and ulcer recurrences. RESULTS: There were no significant difference for the two groups at the cure rate and the recovery rate, the corneal neovascularization and postoperative visual acuity(P>0.05). The total effective rate and corneal healing time in cryotherapy group was significantly higher than that in non-cryotherapy group(P<0.05). The postoperative visual acuity of two group were higher than that of preoperatively(P<0.05). There was no complication occurred in cryotherapy group while there was 1 patient of secondary glaucoma in non-cryotherapy group. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of Fusarium corneal ulcer.

AIM:To observed the variation regularity of corneal endothelial cells in patients with different diabetes duration after phacoemulsification, and investigate the effects of diabetes and its disease duration on corneal endothelial cells. METHODS: Ninety-seven(135 eyes)cataract patients with diabetes were selected randomly and divided into GroupⅠ(which diabetes duration ≥10a)and GroupⅡ(which diabetes duration <10a)according to their disease duration. Additionally 62(89 eyes)age-related cataract patients were randomly selected as the control group. The corneal endothelial cell density(CD), proportion of hexagonal cell and coefficient of variation(CV)in the three group patients were measured respectively before phacoemulsification and after surgery. And the measurement results were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the three group were decreased after surgery compared with preoperative. But the CV of corneal endothelial cells was increased on the 1st wk and in 1st mo after surgery compared with the preoperative. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the two diabetic groups were lower than the control group after surgery. However, the CV of corneal endothelial cells was higher than the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the corneal endothelial CD, proportion of hexagonal cell and CV between the two diabetic groups before phacoemulsification(P>0.05). The proportion of hexagonal cell in Group Ⅰ was lower than which in Group Ⅱ after surgery. While the CV was higher than which in Group Ⅱ. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification has some damage on the corneal endothelial. Since the impact of diabetes on the morphology and function of corneal endothelial cell was related to the diabetic duration. So phacoemulsification has more obvious damage on the corneal endothelial in diabetic patients. And the diabetic duration was longer, the damage on the corneal endothelial in phacoemulsification was more easily.

AIM: To investigate changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and macular retinal thickness in patients with early diabetic retinopathy(DR)and disclose the changing trends of RNFL thickness and macular retinal thickness in different stages of early DR. METHODS: It was a clinical case control study. Through selecting 60 patients(120 eyes)with early DR diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were divided into non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)group(20 cases, 40 eyes)and mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group(20 cases, 40eyes), moderate NPDR group(20 cases, 40 eyes). Twenty normal patients(40 eyes)were enrolled as control group. The RNFL thickness of optical nerve(with circle scan round optic nerve head, scan diameter of 3.45mm)and the retinal thickness of macular(around center point with 1000μm diameter)were measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT), to compare the RNFL thickness changes of the control and early DR patients.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the inferior quadrant was descended obviously in NDR group(P<0.05), with statistically significant difference,; there were no statistically significant difference in other quadrants(P>0.05). In mild NPDR group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the mean and inferior quadrant was significantly descended than that in the NDR group. In moderate NPDR group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the mean, superior and inferior quadrant was statistical significance descended than that in the NDR group(P<0.05). Compared with the NPDR group, NDR group and control group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in each quadrant were descended significantly. There was statistically significant difference in macular retinal thickness among the NDR group, mild NPDR and moderate NPDR group(P<0.05), the retinal thickness was increased gradually in mild NPDR and moderate NPDR group.CONCLUSION:With the development in the degree of early DR, RNFL thickness is gradually decreased and retinal thickness is increased, OCT can be observed qualitatively and quantitatively in DR.

AIM: To compare the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of eyes with different corneal spherical aberration implanted with the same aspherical IOL and evaluate the effect of different ocular spherical aberration on visual performance after phacoemulsification. METHODS: It was a prospective case series study. Forty-six eyes of thirty-nine age-related cataract patients in our department were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the value of preoperative corneal spherical aberration. Eyes with corneal spherical aberration≤0.2μm were assigned to group A, those with corneal spherical aberration >0.2μm and ≤0.3μm to group B, and those with corneal spherical aberration ≥0.3μm to group C. All patients underwent phacoemulcification and recieved AcrySof IQ aspheric IOL. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and total ocular higher-order aberrations for a 6.0mm pupil were recorded 3mo postoperatively. ANOVA were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in UCVA and BCVA between the 3 groups(P=0.287, 0.115). Contrast sensitivity was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups at any spatial frequency under photopic、mesopic, and mesopic with glare conditions(P>0.05). With a 6.0mm pupil diameter, root mean square values for total ocular higher-order aberrations were lower in groups A and B than that in group C(P=0.000). The difference of total ocular spherical aberration was statistically significant between the 3 groups(P=0.000).Coma and trefoil were similar between the groups(P=0.788,0.590), with no statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION: Implantation of the same aspherical IOL in eyes with different corneal spherical aberration results in similar visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Small differences of ocular spherical aberration after phacoemulsification have no effect on visual performance.

AIM:To make comparison of the results from the femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx)with that from the conventional laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for the correction of moderate and high myopia and myopic astigmatism.METHODS:In the prospective study, 86 cases(172 eyes)with moderate and high myopia astigmatism were enrolled recruited. The myopia degree was -3.00～ -10.00D, the astigmatism degree ≤-6.00D. Eighty-six eyes were treated with FLEx in group A, and 86 eyes were treated with LASIK in group B. All patients in the treatment group completed the final 6mo of follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity(BSCVA), objective and manifest refractions, results of slit-lamp examination, the side effects, the corneal flap thickness, intraocular pressure, corneal topography were noted.RESULTS:Six months postoperatively, the difference between group A and B in BSCVA increases more than one line had statistical significance(χ2=20.67, P<0.05). The difference between group A and B in diopters within ±0.50D(83.7% in group A, 53.4% in group B)had statistical significance(P<0.05). 100% UCVA was equal or greater than 1.0 in group A, 90.7% in group B, there were significant diffirences between two groups(χ2=16.62, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: FLEx has more perfect accuracy, safety, predictability compared to standard LASIK.

Blood-eye barrier(BEB)is one of the most important structures of organism to maintain homeostasis of the eye. However, it is the major constraint for the medication of intraocular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have distinctive advantages for the treatment of intraocular diseases, which can be used to regulate the physiological function of human body with low toxicity. In this article, we have briefly summarized the feature of BEB, with the domestic and foreign literatures combined, and mainly reviewed current progress in the field of study on the permeability of traditional Chinese medicines and effective components in BEB and promoting methods.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the serious complications of diabetes, is currently the world's second largest blinding disease. Early epidemiological data showed that the development is related to blood sugar level, diabetes duration, blood lipids, and other factors. In recent years, the correlation of gene polymorphism with DR received widespread attention. Accurately grasp the genetic mechanism in the process of development in the DR and the differences of expression, is of great significance to DR early diagnosis and prevention. So in this article, the progress of gene of DR were reviewed.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the main blinding eye diseases for people over the age of 50, and diabetic macular edema(DME)is the leading cause of vision loss is DR patients. The early diagnosis and early treatment is important. As OCT and FFA, mfERG, especially the retinal thickness, volume, retinal edema index quantitative indicators such as objective evaluation of macular edema, embodies the new progress of retinal imaging technology in recent years. OCT is a non-contact clinical application in recent years, noninvasive, high resolution of ophthalmic imaging examination, can do it on retinal ultrastructure observation and quantitative analysis, and the technology is relatively mature, become a routine inspection diagnosis of macular edema. Laser photocoagulation,intravitreous injection with Ranibizumab and vitrectomy is nowadays the important means for the treatment of intractable macular edema.

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in elderly people among white-dominated population. At percent, treatment for AMD includes anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody(Anti-VEGF)drug treatment, photodynamic therapy(PDT), topical application of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)and laser therapy(nanosecond laser)etc. Through comparative analysis of different treatment methods of AMD, we review the mechanism, clinical efficacy, adverse events and cost effectiveness to provide the basis for clinical treatment.

Trachoma, a contagious keratoconjunctivitis(KC), caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection, is rife in 57 countries in the world at present. The World Health Organization(WHO)listed the global alliance to eliminate blinding trachoma by 2020 as one of top priorities of its blindness prevention in 1998. A simplified classification system for identifying and naming trachoma, designated by WHO, and the SAFE strategy based on community intervention were extended continuously in the world in 10 years since then. The trachoma prevalence trend has showed a change compared with that in the past. China has launched the blindness prevention action, aimed to eliminate blinding trachoma by 2016. In this paper,we reviews progress in diagnosis, treatment and epidemic of trachoma since the extension of the SAFE strategy.

AIM: To observe the effect of phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis in treating absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy.METHODS: Phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis was performed on 16 patients(16 eyes)with absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy, and they were followed up for 6～12mo, The postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)and anterior chamber depth, preoperative and postoperative medication types(quantity), preoperative and postoperative 1 month's status of anxiety and depression, symptoms of ocular surface were observed.RESULTS: The IOP decreased significantly after phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis. The mean IOP was 35.00±15.43mmHg preoperatively, and it was 12.00±6.69mmHg, 15.00±4.26mmHg and 15.3±5.2mmHg on 1d, 6 and 12mo after the surgery. The statistic difference was found between preoperative and postoperative(t=6.22, P<0.05). The anterior chamber depth was 1.45±0.19mm before the surgery, and increased to 3.37±0.13mm after the surgery(t=6.65, P<0.05). After the surgery, 2 patients needed two kinds of drugs, 2 patients needed one kind of drug. After 12mo of follow-up, anxiety and depression status were improved in all 16 patients. Subjective discomfort symptoms of 16 patients such as eye bilges, eye pain were relieved. All of the patients' eyeballs were preserved, and no serious complications.CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis in treating absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy is a safe and effective surgical option.

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of femtosecond laser assisted penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: Twenty-four cases(24 eyes)with corneal lesions were performed with femtosecond laser assisted penetrating keratoplasty. Preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell density and visual quality were compared.RESULTS: One week after operation, corneal grafts were clear in 21 eyes(87.5%), mild cloudy in 3 eyes(12.5%); visual acuity ≥0.5 in 18 eyes(75.0%), 0.2～0.4 in 6 eyes(25.0%). After 3mo the mean corneal astigmatism was 2.16±0.21D(range 2.25～3.09D). Compared to conventional penetrating keratoplasty which mean corneal astigmatism was average 3.67±0.38D after operation, there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and astigmatism(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser assisted penetrating corneal transplantation operation can improve patient's visual quality. And compared to traditional penetrating keratoplasty astigmatism decreased significantly, incision can be made in individual shape more precisely and neatly.

AIM: To observe the role of confocal microscopy in infectious keratitis management. METHODS:Totally 466 patients(467 eyes)diagnosed as infectious keratitis from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively studied. the corneas were examined early by in vivo confocal microscopy. The characteristics of their images and clinical features were studied and summarized.RESULTS:All patients were recorded, the average age was 54.4±13.0 years, in which 264 cases(56.7%)were male, and 202 cases(43.3%)were female. In the 466 patients, 190(40.8%)were fungal keratitis, 148(31.8%)were viral keratitis, 125(26.8%)were bacterial keratitis and 3(0.6%)were acanthamoeba keratitis. There were fungal hyphae in the images of fungal keratitis. Amebic cysts were found in acanthamoeba keratitis. CONCLUSION:Confocal microscope can help the early diagnose and treatment of infectious keratitis. It is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides high resolution images of ocular structures at a cellular level and infectious keratitis represents one of its most important clinical uses.

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of central conreal thickness(CCT)using EX500 Excimer Laser workstation(EX500)in laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)patients.METHODS: The CCT of 120 eyes(63 patients)who had LASIK between January 2013 and June 2013 were measured by A-scan and EX500. Three groups were classified: >550μm, 500～550μm, <500μm according the CCT value of A-scan. The CCT were measured again by corneal flap creating by moria SBK microkeratome. The thickness of the corneal bed stroma were measured by A-scan and EX500 after keratomileusis. All outcomes were analyzed with paired t test.RESULTS: The average preoperative CCT value was 527.9±34.3μm measured by A-scan, 528.5±34.6μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements(t=1.736, P=0.085). In group which CCT >550μm, the average preoperative CCT value was 571.4±17.3μm measured by A-scan, 572.7±15.7μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements(t=1.857, P=0.072). In group which CCT 500～550μm, the average preoperative CCT value was 523.4±13.1μm measured by A-scan, 524.2±12.4μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements(t=1.934, P=0.058). In group which CCT <500μm, the average preoperative CCT value 484.5±9.8μm measured by A-scan, 483.7±8.9μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements(t=1.395, P=0.174). The average CCT value after corneal flap lifting was 401.3±34.2μm measured by A-scan, 393.4±38.9μm measured by EX500. There was a significant difference between these two measurements(t=6.669, P=0.000). The average thickness of the corneal bed stroma value after keratomileusis was 332.6±38.3μm measured by A-scan, 307.3±37.1μm measured by EX500. There was a significant difference between these two measurements(t=17.165, P=0.000).CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between preoperative CCT value measured by A-scan and EX500. After corneal flap lifting and keratomileusis, the CCT value measured by EX500 is smaller than measured by A-scan.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the density values of the lens nucleus measured using Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging and torsional phacoemulsification dynamics such as the level of ultrasound energy, as well as the duration and amount of fluid used in patients with age-related nuclear cataract. METHODS: This was a prospective observer-masked study. Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging was performed following pupil dilation. The cataracts were automatically graded from 1 to 5 using pentacam nucleus densitometry(PND), also known as Pentacam nucleus staging(PNS)software by the same observer. After phacoemulsification, total Ultrasound(U/S)time, Cumulative dissipated energy(CDE), Torsional U/S time, and Estimated fluid use were automatically calculated and displayed on the monitor of Infiniti OZiL IP phacoemulsification system. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to assess differences between groups. The Tamhane test was used for multiple group analysis. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between lens density measured by PND and the dynamics of torsional phacoemulsification. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:In the present study, 125 eyes from 125 patients were evaluated. Mean age was 69.7±9.4y(range: 48-88y), and 61 men and 64 women were included. The highest and lowest values of U/S total time, torsional U/S time, CDE, and Estimated fluid use were 0.70 - 158.90s, 0.70-158.50s, 0.11-42.65, and 21-98 mL in groups, respectively. Significant differences were found among PND groups. When the relationship between phacoemulsification dynamics and PND values were evaluated, there were significant correlations between PND value and total ultrasound time(r=0.767; P<0.01), torsional ultrasound time(r=0.767; P<0.01), CDE(r=0.758; P<0.01), and amount of fluid used(r=0.602; P<0.01). CONCLUSION:An objective degree of nucleus density obtained by PND scoring before cataract surgery may allow antecedent determination of intraoperative phacoemulsification parameters. Thus, individualized phacoemulsification parameters should be developed for each patient. This will lead to the use of a smaller amount of phacoemulsification energy, resulting in decreased in endothelial cell loss, quicker and better visual healing, and less steroid use.

AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab with transpupillary thermotherapy(TTT)in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS: Totally 160 wet age-related macular degeneration patients(160 eyes )were selected, which have been diagnosed through history, clinical symptoms and fundus angiography(FFA/ICGA)as well as optical coherence tomography(OCT)and other auxiliary examinations in our hospital. All these patients were randomly divided into the combined group and the control group. Combined group was given a single intravitreal injection Ranibizumab and applied the TTT treatment after seven days, while the control group only received the TTT treatment and was being monitored for 1y. The patients' best corrected visual acuity, fundus angiography(FFA/ICGA)and OCT examination were observed after 1wk, 1mo, 6mo and 1y of the treatment, respectively.RESULTS: By the end of the observation period, there were 34 cases(42.50%)out of the combined group whose the best corrected visual acuity have improved, while 16 cases from the control group(20.00%)whose best corrected visual acuity have improved. The difference between the two groups showed statistically significance(P<0.05). More specifically, the fluorescent penetrant rates are(88.75%, 62.50%),(91.25%, 65.00%),(86.25%, 61.25%),(78.75%, 51.25%), respectively, in both groups after 1wk, 1mo, 6mo and 1y treatment, and also the corresponding central macular thickness(CMT)were(347.43±36.96)μm and(423.58±29.03)μm,(287.78±34.16)μm and(387.14±32.98)μm,(301.75±37.21)μm and(415.40±31.38)μm,(326.17±27.39)μm and(436.44±35.49)μm. In a nutshell, the difference between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab with TTT treatment applied among patients with wet age-related macular degeneration(AMD)could improve patients' vision, stop or reduce the leakage of the lesion, as well as promote the absorption of macular hemorrhage, edema and exudation, which could be considered as a safe, reliable and effective clinical treatment.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of total flavonoid of chrysanthemum on the expressions of Fas and FasL in male rabbits with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of the total flavonoid of chrysanthemum on dry eye. METHODS: Totally 150 male Japanses white rabbits were divided into blank group(group A), sham-operated group(group B), model group(group C), androgen control treatment group(group D), and total flavonoid of chrysanthemum treatment group(group E). The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group C, D and E. Rabbits in group E were treated with total flavonoid of chrysanthemum. Rabbits in group D were treated with androgen intramuscular injection. Rabbits in the group A, group B, group C was treated with normal saline. All rabbits were detected with Schirmer's Ⅰ test and tear break-up time(BUT). Fas, FasL were checked on immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The Schirmer's I test values of group E was significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.01)and the BUT value of group E was significantly longer than that of group C(P<0.01). The quantity of positive expression of Fas in glandular tube cell and acinar epithelial celland apoptosis cells of group E after treatment at 1, 3, 5mo were significantly lower than that of group C, cell population of the positive expression of FasL was obviously higher than that of group C(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The main component of chrysanthemum is flavonoid, which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye in rabbit after androgen level lowered and lacrimal gland apoptosis and keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of total flavonoid of chrysanthemum on the expressions of Fas and FasL in male rabbits with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of the total flavonoid of chrysanthemum on dry eye. METHODS: Totally 150 male Japanses white rabbits were divided into blank group(group A), sham-operated group(group B), model group(group C), androgen control treatment group(group D), and total flavonoid of chrysanthemum treatment group(group E). The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group C, D and E. Rabbits in group E were treated with total flavonoid of chrysanthemum. Rabbits in group D were treated with androgen intramuscular injection. Rabbits in the group A, group B, group C was treated with normal saline. All rabbits were detected with Schirmer's Ⅰ test and tear break-up time(BUT). Fas, FasL were checked on immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The Schirmer's I test values of group E was significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.01)and the BUT value of group E was significantly longer than that of group C(P<0.01). The quantity of positive expression of Fas in glandular tube cell and acinar epithelial celland apoptosis cells of group E after treatment at 1, 3, 5mo were significantly lower than that of group C, cell population of the positive expression of FasL was obviously higher than that of group C(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The main component of chrysanthemum is flavonoid, which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye in rabbit after androgen level lowered and lacrimal gland apoptosis and keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

AIM: To investigate the time-effect relationship between the expression of rhodopsin and recoverin and photoreceptor damage induced by N-nethl-N-nitrosourea(MNU). METHODS: Thirty-six 7-week old Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were intraperitoneally injected with MNU(60mg/kg)and were put to death by dislocation of cervical vertebra 6, 12, 24h; 3, 7d after injection(6 per group), respectively. As a control, six rats were injected with phosphate buffer saline(PBS)5mL/kg and sacrificed on d3 after injection. The degree of photoreceptor apoptosis was detected by HE staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)in the right eyes. The mRNA expressions of rhodopsin and recoverin were detected different time after injection by Western blot and immunohistochemical method in the left eyes. RESULTS: The dissolution of photoreceptor nucleus and apoptosis body were first perceived at 12h by TEM; most of cells at outer nuclear layer were presented positive reaction. The apoptotic index reached peak(29.7%±2.3%)at 24h which was coincided with the observation of TEM. The results of immunohistochemistry displayed that rhodopsin and recoverin were on a declining curve with time extension. Furthermore, the results of Western blot indicated that rhodopsin had dramatic decline at 6h after injection(P<0.05), and extremely significant difference comparing to control group after 12h(P<0.01); while recoverin dramatic declined at 12h, and extremely significant difference after 24h(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: 60mg/kg MNU intraperitoneally injection one-time may specifically induce photoreceptor apoptosis, The mechanism of down-regulation of rhodopsin and recoverin may be related to the selected apoptosis of photoreceptors.

AIM: To investigate the repair mechanism associated with cholesterol synthesis regulated by silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)in rat model of optic nerve damage. METHODS: Preparation of optic nerve damage in 70 rats was randomly divided into normal group(10 rats), resveratrol treatment group(experimental group 30 rats)and PBS buffer control group(30 rats). The experimental group and control group was further divided into 3 subgroups(each group 10 rats), respectively. After 7, 14, 21d injected resveratrol or PBS, optic nerve injury were observed, then the rats were sacrificed. Retina was segregated; the surviving retinal ganglion cell(RGCs)was counted. Dissection of optic nerve, cholesterol content of them were tested; RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of SIRT1, SREBP2 and HMGCR; Western blot assay was used to test the protein expression levels of SIRT1, cholesterol regulatory element binding protein 2(SREBP2)and HMGCR. RESULTS: The numbers of RGCs and cholesterol levels of rat model with optic nerve injury decreased significantly(P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1, SREBP2 and HMGCR were all decreased in a time-dependent manner(P<0.05). Three components of the three time points, with time injuries were aggravated, and the extent of damage was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group. But in resveratrol treatment group, the cholesterol levels and mRNA or protein expression of SIRT1, SREBP2, HMGCR in optic nerve were significantly restored in a time-dependent(P<0.05). The number of surviving RGCs restored significantly in resveratrol treatment group(P<0.01)in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Up-regulating the expression of SIRT1, SREBP2 and down-regulating HMGCR by resveratrol could repair the injury of optic nerve through promoting the synthesis of cholesterol in neurons and retinal ganglion cells in the repair process. SIRT1 may be as a promising new target for treatment on optic nerve damage.

ATM: To define the causes of corneal endothelial cell damage, to investigate the preventive methods, and to observe the variety of corneal endothelial cell in glaucoma using confocal microscope.METHODS: Totally, 143 eyes of 97 patients with different types of glaucoma, and matched normal people were 20 cases, all 40 eyes. The cell density, cell area and cell variable coefficient were measured used confocal microscope. These indicatives of every kind of glaucoma were compared.RESULTS: The corneal endothelial cell density of normal group was 2 893.88±255.026/mm2, the group of acute angle-closure glaucoma(AACG)was 1 674.11±683.95/mm2, and the group of open angle glaucoma(OAG)was 2 687.22±391.87/mm2, the group of chronic angle-closure glaucoma(CACG)was 2 706.97±351.27/mm2. In all index the average cell density of corneal endothelial and the average area have statistical significance(F=62.950, 8.795; P=0.000), especially the group of AACG. CONCLUSION: The index of corneal endothelial cell in AACG is lower than that of normal. All index in OAG and CACG is difference with that of normal, but the difference has no statistical significance. And the dominant factor of damaged corneal endothelial is the time of intraocular hypertension.